Distortion compensating apparatus

ABSTRACT

A circuit that compensates for distortion of an output signal of a power amplifying circuit of a transmitting section of a base station or a terminal of a radio communication system and apparatus such as a mobile phone, and a predistorter system applicable to radio communication systems and that does not depend on a use system other than generation of envelope change due to a high-frequency input signal without addition of the distortion compensating circuit to a base band portion, the compensating circuit including a memory device where inverted distortion data of a high-frequency power amplifying device for a mobile phone are stored is driven with data obtained by detecting an envelope of a high-frequency input signal having envelope change as an address and distortion compensation of the power amplifying device is made by adjusting a variable gain device provided at a prestage of the power amplifying device.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a power amplifying circuit to be used for a transmitting section of a base station or a terminal station of a radio communication system and a radio communication apparatus such as a mobile phone, and more particularly, to a distortion compensating device which compensates for non-linear distortion of an output signal of the power amplifying circuit.

BACKGROUND ART

In a transmission high-frequency power amplifying circuit (hereinafter referred to as power amplifying circuit) of a mobile phone or the like, if it is intended to increase power availability, non-linearity is intensified so that a distortion is generated in the output signal. As a distortion compensating device for compensating such a distortion, predistortion technology employing a compensating means having a characteristic inverse to the distortion of the power amplifying circuit has been well known.

Prior to description of the above described predistortion technology, principle about compensation of amplitude distortion will be described. The high-frequency signal which is an input signal to be considered now is a signal for use in the mobile phone, which is an orthogonal phase modulation signal such as π/4 shift QPSK (Quad Phase Shift Keying), 0-degree QPSK and the like subject to a band restriction. These signals can be expressed by a waveform obtained by amplitude-modulating high-frequency carrier components with envelope components changing slowly with the passage of time. This is expressed in an equation (1).

V=Vi(t)·cos(ωt)  (1)

where V is a general expression of high-frequency signal voltage, Vi is the aforementioned envelope component, ω is an angular frequency of the high-frequency component. The signal expressed by the equation (1) is subjected to distortion when it is amplified by the power amplifying circuit 12 (see FIG. 11).

Although in the general power amplifying circuit 12, as shown in FIG. 4, the output power increases as the input power increases, its amplification factor decreases gradually. That is, gain suppression is generated, so that distortion is generated by this characteristic. When in an amplitude characteristic curve 21 of FIG. 4, the input power is a value indicated by A in FIG. 4, the output power is a value indicated by B. In this case, if the amplitude characteristic 22 of the power amplifying circuit 12 is linear, its output power must become B′. Then, if the input power A′ is used instead of the input power A, its output power is B′, so that by providing the input voltage with the non-linear distortion preliminarily, no distortion is generated in the output power. By converting input voltage A to input voltage A′ like this, the distortion becomes to be improved.

The technology of predistortion is an art for having the base band portion carry out an operation for converting this input voltage A to input voltage A′. Here, it should be noted that converting the input power A having no distortion originally to the input power A′ leads to adding the distortion to the input power A. This added distortion is killed by a distortion generated in the power amplifying circuit 12, so that it is considered that the distortion is improved. This added distortion acts like an inverted distortion with respect to a distortion generated in the power amplifying circuit 12.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram about a typical predistortion well known since before. FIG. 11 will be described simply. FIG. 11 shows a transmitting portion of a mobile phone. Analog in-phase component I and orthogonal component Q generated in a signal processing portion 30 are digitalized by I and Q analog-digital converters (ADC) 31, 32 and then, the aforementioned operation for converting the input power A to the input power A′ is carried out by I- and Q-signal predistorters 33, 34. After that, the signals are converted to analog signals by I- and Q-signal digital-analog converters (DAC) 35, 36 and modulated by an orthogonal transformer 37. Then, it is converted to a high-frequency signal by an up-converter 38, amplified by a power amplifying circuit 12 and transmitted. If the predistortion is not carried out, the aforementioned ADCs 31, 32, the predistorters 33, 34 and the DACs 35, 36 in the base band portion 39 in the block shown in FIG. 11 are not necessary. That is, the predistortion conducts a signal conversion operation with respect to the original I, Q signals.

If the aforementioned predistortion is carried out, a signal provided with the inverted distortion component is outputted from the base band portion 39. However, in a general mobile phone, it is indispensable to provide a filter for removing digital noise contained in the base band output and a band-pass filter may be provided for an intermediate frequency portion also depending on the case. These filters cannot be removed in consideration of the purpose for which they are installed. It turns out that the inverted distortion component is removed together with the digital noise by this filter. As a result, the distortion in the power amplifying circuit 12 is not killed, so that the distortion compensation is not carried out.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

A first distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device for carrying out predistortion with respect to a power amplifying means 12 whose distortion should be compensated, comprising: an envelope detecting means 1 to which a high-frequency signal S₁ generating an envelope change is supplied for detecting an envelope signal of the high-frequency signal S₁; an amplitude correction memory means 3 for storing an inverted distortion amplitude value of a distortion generated in the power amplifying means 12 with digital data S₃ obtained by digitalizing the envelope signal S₂ of the envelope detecting means 1 as an address; and a gain variable means 10 disposed in a prestage of the power amplifying means 12 to which the high-frequency signal S₁ generating the envelope change is supplied, capable of controlling a passage gain of the high-frequency signal, characterized in that the inverted distortion data of the amplitude correction memory means 3 is converted to analog data and supplied to the gain variable means 10 so as to compensate a distortion of the amplitude of a gain of the power amplifying means 12.

A second distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device for carrying out predistortion on a power amplifying means 12 whose distortion should be compensated, comprising: an envelope detecting means 1 to which a high-frequency signal S₁ generating an envelope change is supplied for detecting an envelope signal S₂ of the high-frequency signal S₁; a phase correction memory means 6 for storing an inverted distortion phase value of a distortion generated in the power amplifying means 12 with digital data S₃ obtained by digitalizing the envelope signal S₂ of the envelope detecting means 1 as an address; and a phase-shifting means 11 disposed in a prestage of the power amplifying means 12 to which the high-frequency signal S₁ generating the envelope change is supplied, capable of controlling a passage phase of the high-frequency signal, characterized in that the inverted distortion data of the phase correction memory means 6 is converted to analog data and supplied to the phase-shifting means 11 so as to compensate a distortion of the phase of the power amplifying means 12.

A third distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device according to the first invention, further including; a phase correction memory means 6, parallel located with the amplitude correction memory means 3, which stores an inverted distortion phase value of distortion to be generated in the power amplifying means 12, with digital data S₃ obtained by digitalizing the envelope signal S₂ of the envelope detecting means 1 as an address; and a phase-shifting means 11 which can control passage phase of the high frequency signal by supplying analog data that the inverted distortion data of this phase correction memory means 6 is converted into an analog data, characterized in that the phase-shifting means 11 is connected with the gain variable means 10 in series at the prestage of the power amplifying means 12.

A fourth distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device according to the first or third invention characterized in that a delay means 9 for adjusting a difference of delay time between a main path having the power amplifying means 12 and the gain variable means 10 and a corrective control signal route having the envelope detecting means 1 for supplying a control signal to the gain variable means 10 and an amplitude correction memory means 3 is provided in the main path.

A fifth distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device according to the second or third invention characterized in that a delay means 9 for adjusting a difference of delay time between a main path having the power amplifying means 12 and the phase-shifting means 11 and a corrective control signal route having the envelope detecting means 1 for supplying a control signal to the phase-shifting means 11 and the phase correction memory means 6 is provided in the main path.

A sixth distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device according to the fourth or fifth invention characterized in that by detecting an envelope signal S₁₄ from an output side of the power amplifying means 12 and feeding back a differential signal obtained by comparing this envelope signal S₁₄ with an output of the envelope signal S₂ from the envelope detecting means 1 to the delay means 9, the delay time is controlled.

A seventh distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device according to the first invention characterized in that an output obtained by comparing an output signal S₁₄ as a result of envelope-detecting output of the power amplifying means 12 with an envelope signal S₂ of the envelope detecting means 1 is digitalized. With this digital data serving as an address, a correction data memory means 17 for storing correction data for correcting a characteristic change by temperature is driven so as to multiply an output of the correction data memory means 17 by an output of the amplitude correction memory means 3, thereby compensating a change of the temperature characteristic of the power amplifying means 12.

An eighth distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device for carrying out predistortion on a power amplifying means 12 whose distortion should be compensated, comprising: an envelope detecting means 1 to which a high-frequency signal S₁ generating an envelope change is supplied for detecting an envelope signal of a high-frequency signal S₁; a phase correction memory means 6 for storing an inverted distortion phase value of a distortion generated in the power amplifying means 12 with digital data S₃ obtained by digitalizing an envelope signal S₂ of the envelope detecting means 1 as an address; and a phase-shifting means 11 disposed in a poststage of the power amplifying means 12 to which the high-frequency signal S₁ generating the envelope change is supplied, capable of controlling a passage phase of the high-frequency signal S₁, characterized in that inverted distortion data of the phase correction memory means 6 is converted to analog data and supplied to the phase-shifting means 11 so as to compensate a distortion of the phase of the power amplifying means 12.

A ninth distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device according to the eighth invention, further including: an amplitude correction memory means 3, parallel located with the phase correction memory means 6, which stores an inverted distortion amplitude value of distortion to be generated in the power amplifying means 12, with digital data S₃ obtained by digitalizing the envelope signal of the envelope detecting means 1 as an address; and a gain variable means 10 which can control passage gain of the high frequency signal by supplying analog data that the inverted distortion data of this amplitude correction memory means 3 is converted into analog data, characterized in that the gain variable means 10 is connected at the prestage of the power amplifying means 12.

An eleventh distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device according to the tenth invention characterized in that by detecting an envelope signal S₂ from an output side of the power amplifying means 12 and feeding back a differential signal obtained by comparing this envelope signal S₁₂ with an envelope signal output S₂ from the envelope detecting means 1 to the delay means 9, the delay time is controlled.

A twelfth distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device comprising: a first envelope detecting means 1 for detecting an envelope signal S₂ with a part of a high frequency signal S₁ having fluctuation of envelope as an input; a digital-to-analog converting means 2 for converting the envelope signal S₂ of this first envelope detecting means 1 into digital data S₃; an amplitude correction memory means 3 in which digital data S₃ is inputted as an address and which outputs amplitude correction data S₄ corresponding to the address by means of data stored for amplitude correction in advance; a first low pass filtering means 5 for converting amplitude correction data S₄ into an analog signal to eliminate digital noise of an analog signal S₅; a phase correction memory means 6 in which digital data S₃ is inputted as an address and which outputs phase correction data S₆ corresponding to the address by means of data stored for phase correction in advance; a second low pass filtering means 8 for converting phase correction data S₆ into an analog signal to eliminate digital noise of an analog signal S₇; a delay means 9 which can adjust the volume of delay of passing time by means of a control signal S₁₆ to be added into a control terminal T_(C1) with the high frequency signal S₁ as an input; a gain variable means 10 for varying a passage gain depending on the voltage of a signal S₈ from the first low pass filtering means 5, to be added into a control terminal T_(C2) with a delay signal S₁₀ of the delay means 9 as an input; a phase-shifting means 11 for varying a passage phase by an output signal S₉ from the second low pass filtering means 8 with an output S₁₁ of this gain variable means 10 as an input; to input a variable output signal into a power amplifying means 12 whose distortion should be compensated; a second envelope detecting means 13 for detecting an envelope signal S₁₃ of an output of the power amplifying means 12 whose distortion should be compensated; a subtracting means 14 for detecting a difference between the envelope signal S₂ and an envelope signal S₁₄ with envelope signals S₂ and S₁₄ of the first and the second envelope detecting means 1, 13 as inputs; and a third low pass filtering means 15 for detecting only a DC signal S₁₆ of this subtracting means 14, characterized in that the DC signal S₁₆ of this third low pass filtering means 15 is fed back to the control terminal T_(C1) of the delay means 9.

A thirteenth distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device comprising: a first envelope detecting means 1 for detecting an envelope signal S₁ with a part of a high frequency signal S₁ having fluctuation of envelope as an input; a digital-to-analog converting means 2 for converting an envelope signal S₂ of this first envelope detecting means 1 into digital data S₃; an amplitude correction memory means 3 in which digital data S₃ is inputted as an address and which outputs amplitude correction data S₄ corresponding to the address by means of data stored for amplitude correction in advance; a first low pass filtering means 5 for converting amplitude correction data S₄ into an analog signal to eliminate digital noise of an analog signal S₅; a phase correction memory means 6 in which digital data S₃ is inputted as an address and which outputs phase correction data corresponding to the address by means of data stored for phase correction in advance; a second low pass filtering means 8 for converting phase correction data into an analog signal S₇ to eliminate digital noise of the analog signal S₇; a delay means 9 which can adjust the volume of delay of passing time by means of a control signal to be added into a control terminal T_(C1) with the high frequency signal S₁ as an input; a gain variable means 10 for varying a passage gain depending on the voltage of a signal S₈ from the first low pass filtering means 5, to be added into a control terminal T_(C2) with a delay signal S₁₀ of this delay means 9 as an input; a phase-shifting means 11 for varying a passage phase by means of an output signal S₉ from the second low pass filtering means 8 by inputting an output S₁₁ of this gain variable means 10 into a power amplifying means 12 whose distortion should be compensated and inputting an output S₁₃ of the power amplifying means 12 thereinto; a second envelope detecting means 13 for detecting an envelope signal S₁₄ of an output of this phase-shifting means 11; a subtracting means 14 for detecting a difference between the envelope signal S₂ and the envelope signal S₁₄ with envelope signals S₂ and S₁₄ of the first and the second envelope detecting means 1,13 as inputs; and a third low pass filtering means 15 for detecting only a DC signal S₁₅ of this subtracting means 14, characterized in that the DC signal S₁₁ of this third low pass filtering means 15 is fed back to the control terminal T_(C1) of the delay means 9.

A fourteenth distortion compensating device of the present invention is a distortion compensating device comprising: a first envelope detecting means 1 for detecting an envelope signal S₁ with a part of a high frequency signal S₁ having fluctuation of envelope as an input; a digital-to-analog converting means 2 for converting an envelope signal S₂ of this first envelope detecting means 1 into digital data S₃; an amplitude correction memory means 3 in which digital data S₃ is inputted as an address and which outputs amplitude correction data corresponding to the address by means of data stored for amplitude correction in advance; a multiplying means 18 in which digital multiplier is the product with a digital output S₄ of the amplitude correction memory means 3 as multiplicand; a first low pass filtering means 5 for converting digital data S₁₉ of this multiplying means 18 to an analog signal S₅ to eliminate digital noise of the analog signal S₅; a phase correction memory means 6 in which digital data S₃ is inputted as an address and which outputs phase correction data corresponding to the address by means of data stored for phase correction in advance; a second low pass filtering means 8 for converting phase correction data S₆ into an analog signal S₇ to eliminate digital noise of the analog signal S₇; a delay means 9 which can adjust the volume of delay of passing time by means of a control signal S₁₆ to be added into a control terminal T_(C1) with the high frequency signal S₁ as an input; a gain variable means 10 for varying a passage gain depending on the voltage of a signal S₈ from the first low pass filtering means 5, to be added into a control terminal T_(C2) with a delay signal S₁₀ of the delay means 9 as an input; a phase-shifting means 11 for varying a passage phase by an output signal S₉ from the second low pass filtering means 8 with an output of the gain variable means 10 as an input to input a variable output signal into a power amplifying means 12 whose distortion should be corrected; a second envelope detecting means 13 for detecting an envelope signal of an output of the power amplifying means 12 whose distortion should be corrected; a subtracting means 14 for detecting a difference between the envelope signal S₂ and an envelope signal S₁₄ with the envelope signals S₂ and S₁₄ of the first and second envelope detecting means 1, 13 as inputs; a third low pass filtering means 15 for detecting only a DC signal of this subtracting means 14 to feed it back to the control terminal T_(C1) of the delay means 9; and a correction data memory means 17 for outputting data corresponded to the address, which corrects a change of characteristic due to temperature with the output of digital data S₁₇ in which an output difference signal S₁₅ of the subtracting means 14 is digitalized as an address, characterized in that data corresponding to the address from this correction data memory means 17 is supplied as multiplier of the multiplying means 18.

In accordance with the first-twelfth distortion compensating device of the present invention, a device having an extremely great effect in which predistortion due to digital is carried out without connection of the signal with other than the main path adjacent to the power amplifying circuit and the device does not depend on a mobile phone system is obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of amplitude/amplitude (AM/AM) of a power amplifying circuit.

FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of AM/AM and amplitude/phase (AM/PM) of a power amplifying circuit.

FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of feedback loop path used by the power amplifying circuit of the present invention and compensation data.

FIG. 7 is a detection characteristic diagram of an envelope detecting circuit for use in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is another circuit diagram of a gain variable circuit for use in the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a shift characteristic diagram of a phase circuit for use in the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a spectrum characteristic comparison diagram for comparing the present invention with a conventional power amplifying circuit.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a distortion compensating device.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. First, the structure of the circuit will be described.

Referring to FIG. 1, the amplitude compensating path comprises a first envelope detecting circuit 1 for detecting an envelope signal S₂ with a high-frequency signal S₁ having changes of the envelope, an analog/digital converter (ADC₁) 2 for digitalizing this analog-like envelope signal S₂ to output a digital signal S₃, a first amplitude compensating memory 3 which receives an input of the digital signal S₃ as an address so as to output corresponding-to-address amplitude correction data S₄ stored preliminarily for distortion amplitude correction for a power amplifying circuit 12, a first digital/analog converter (DAC₁) 4 for converting this amplitude correction data S₄ to analog signal S₅ and a first low pass filter (LPF₁) 5 for removing digital noise of this analog signal S₅.

Further, a phase correction circuit comprises a second phase correction memory 6 for when the digital signal S₃ from the ADC₁·2 is employed as an address, outputting a distortion phase correction data S₆ of the power amplifying circuit 12 corresponding to this address, a second digital/analog converter (DAC₂) 7 for converting this phase correction data S₆ to analog signal S₇ and a second low pass filter (LPF₂) 8 for removing digital noise from this analog signal S₇.

Next, as a main path, a delay circuit 9 which receives an input of high-frequency signal S₁ for adjusting a delay amount of passage time with a signal S₁₆ applied to a control terminal Tc₁, a gain variable circuit 10 which receives an output S₁₀ of this delay circuit 9 for changing a passage gain depending on the voltage of the signal S₈ applied to a control terminal Tc₂ and a phase-shift circuit 11 which receives an output S₁₁ of this gain variable circuit 10 for changing its passage phase with the signal S₉ applied to a control terminal Tc₃.

An output S₁₂ of this phase-shift circuit 11 is inputted to the power amplifying circuit 12 for compensating the distortion, the output S₈ of the first LPF₁·5 is inputted to the control terminal Tc₂ of the gain variable circuit 10 and the output S₉ of the second LPF₂·8 is inputted to the control terminal Tc₃ of the phase-shift circuit 11.

Next, a feedback loop is constructed as a means for generating a signal to be inputted to the control terminal Tc₁ of the aforementioned delay circuit 9. This feedback loop comprises a second envelope detecting circuit 13 for detecting an envelope signal S₁₄ of an output S₁₃ of the power amplifying circuit 12 for compensating a distortion, a subtracting circuit 14 which with an envelope signal S₁₄ as an input and part of the output S₂ of the first envelope detecting circuit 1 as another input, detects a difference between both as a signal S₁₅ and a third low pass filter (LPF₃) 15 which detects only a DC component S₁₆ out of the signal S₁₅ and inputs the DC component S₁₆ which is an output of this LPF₃ into the control terminal Tc₁ of the delay circuit 9.

Next, an operation of the distortion compensating device of the present invention will be described. The distortion compensating device shown in FIG. 1 comprises three signal routes consisting of a main path having the power amplifying circuit 12 for compensation, an amplitude correcting route and a phase correcting route and a feedback loop.

In FIG. 1, a high-frequency signal S₁ of an orthogonal phase modulation signal such as π/4 shift QPSK, 0-degree QPSL and the like subjected to a band restriction for use in mobile phones is supplied to an input terminal Tin of the distortion compensating device. This high-frequency signal S₁ includes an envelope component obtained by modulating a high frequency carrier with a base band signal component, the envelope component changing slowly with a passage of time.

The high-frequency signal S₁ supplied to the input terminal Tin is divided to two parts, which are inputted to the main path of the power amplifying circuit 12 and the auxiliary routes for amplitude and phase. The high-frequency signal S₁ inputted to the auxiliary paths detects the envelope signal S₂ by means of the first envelope detecting circuit 1.

The envelope signal S₂ detected by the first envelope detecting circuit 1 is converted to digital data by the ADC₁·2. Data S₃ of this digitalized envelope signal is divided to two parts for the amplitude correcting route and phase correcting route. Data S₃ inputted to the amplitude correcting route is inputted as an address for the first amplitude correction memory M₁. The first amplitude correction memory 3 outputs inverted distortion correction data stored preliminarily for amplitude correction or amplitude correction data S₄ corresponding to address. This amplitude correction data S₄ is converted to analog signal S₅ by the first DAC₁·4, and passes the first LPF₁·5 to turn to the signal S₈, which is inputted to the control terminal Tc₂ of the gain variable circuit 10.

The data S₃ inputted to the phase correcting route accesses the second phase correction memory M₆ having the same structure as the amplitude correcting route and outputs the inverted distortion phase correction data S₆ stored in the second phase correction memory 6. This data S₆ is converted to the analog signal S₇ by the second DAC₂·7 and passes the second LPF₂·8, which is inputted to the control terminal Tc₃ of the phase-shift circuit 11.

Another part of the high-frequency signal S₁ is inputted to the main path, in which it passes the delay circuit 9 so that it turns to a delayed signal S₁₀. This signal S₁₀ is inputted to the gain variable circuit 10, in which its amplitude is corrected so that it turns to a signal S₁₁. After that, the signal S₁₁ is inputted to the phase-shift circuit 11, in which its phase is corrected so that it turns to a signal S₁₂. Then, this is inputted to the power amplifying circuit 12 for correcting the distortion. The envelope signal advancing through the main path and the envelope signal advancing through the auxiliary route need to be equal in terms of time in the gain variable circuit 10 and the phase-shift circuit 11. The delay circuit 9 is used for equalizing the times.

The aforementioned feedback loop is placed for carrying out this time adjustment accurately. That is, an envelope signal S₁₄ is detected from part of the envelope signal S₂ and part of the output signal S₁₃ of the power amplifying circuit 12 by means of a second envelope detecting circuit 13. A differential signal S₁₅ between the envelope signals S₂ and S₁₄ is detected by the subtracting circuit 14. Then, only the DC component signal S₁₆ is detected from the differential signal S₁₅ by means of the third LPF₃·15. Then, this DC component signal S₁₆ is inputted to the control terminal Tc₁ of the delay circuit 9 and the delay amount is controlled by the differential signal S₁₆ so that a difference between passage time in the auxiliary route and that in the main path is always kept constant.

Next, amplitude correction data stored in the first amplitude correction memory 3 will be described in detail. First, the envelope voltage of the high-frequency signal S₁ is assumed to be Vi(t) from the equation (1). Further, the envelope voltage of the output signal S₁₁ of the gain variable circuit 10 is assumed to be Vpd(t) and the voltage of the control signal S₈ applied to the control terminal Tc₂ of this gain variable circuit 10 is assumed to be Vc(t). The voltage stored in the first amplitude correction memory 3 is this Vc(t).

Now, assuming that the gain G (vc) of the gain variable circuit 10 is expressed as follows with the conversion coefficient being a,

G(vc)=1+a·Vc(t)  (2),

Vpd(t)=Vi(t)·G(vc)  (3) is provided.

So, the equation (3) is substituted for the equation (2).

As a result, Vpd(t)=Vi(t)·{1+a·Vc(t)} is presented.

Then, Vc(t)=(1/a)·{Vpd(t)/Vi(t)−d}  (4)

The envelope voltage Vpd(t) can be obtained by measuring an input/output characteristic of the power amplifying circuit 12 whose distortion should be corrected, by exchanging A of the amplitude characteristic curve 21 under the conventional structure in which the predistortion is described in detail in FIG. 4, with A′ of an idealized amplitude characteristic 22 so as to provide the A with distortion. Thus, a result obtained by calculating the aforementioned equation (4) with the envelope voltage Vpd(t) is preliminarily stored in the first amplitude correction memory 3.

Next, phase correction data to be stored in the phase-shift circuit 11 will be described. The phase correction data is very simple as compared to the amplitude correction. The amplitude/phase (AM/PM) characteristic 23 of the power amplifying circuit 12 shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by measurement and then the sign of a value of the phase shift 24 shown in FIG. 5 is inverted and then this is stored as the phase correction data.

Distortion generated in each power amplifying circuit 12 accommodated in the amplitude correction memory 3 and phase at correction memory 6 is killed by storage distortion component stored in the phase correction memory 6, which is inverted distortion.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a circuit 20 indicated by a dot and dash line is added to the embodiment of FIG. 1. Therefore, this added portion will be described. First, the structure of the added circuit 20 will be described. This added circuit comprises the second ADC₂·16 which receives part of the differential output S₁₅ from the subtracting circuit 16 for digitalizing it as an input, a third memory 17 like RAM (random access memory) which employs the digital output S₁₇ of this second ADC₂·16 for outputting data S₁₈ corresponding to this address and a multiplying circuit 18 which receives this digital data S₁₈ as one input and is installed between the first amplitude correction memory 3 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the first ADC₁·4 for receiving the output S₄ of the first amplitude correction memory 3 as another input so as to digital-multiply data S₁₈ with S₄ and output an operation result S₁₉.

Next, an operation of this added circuit 20 will be described. The added circuit 20 is installed in order to correspond to changes of the characteristic such as temperature of the power amplifying circuit 12 for compensating distortion.

In the added circuit 20 of FIG. 2, the output S₁₅ of the subtracting circuit 14 is a differential of an envelope of input/output signal from the power amplifying circuit 12. If distortion in the power amplifying circuit 12 is corrected properly, this output S₁₅ of an differential signal becomes zero. However, if a change of the characteristic such as temperature occurs, this output S₁₅ of the differential signal indicates a certain value. By reading out data stored in the third memory 17 or correction data with this value as an address and then multiplying it by the amplitude correction data S₄, the change of the characteristic such as temperature is coped with.

Next, the correction data 25 stored in this third memory 17 will be described. FIG. 6 shows an example of the correction data characteristic 25 which is relation between this correction data and address. The address value is expressed by signed hexadecimal number of the differential signal S₁₅ from the subtracting circuit 14 and if the output of the power amplifying circuit 12 is smaller than the input, this becomes positive. Otherwise, it becomes negative. That is, if the power amplifying circuit 12 is corrected properly in terms of distortion, S₁₅ turns out to be equal to 0, so that the correction data is always outputted in the form of 1.000. If the output of the power amplifying circuit 12 is smaller than the input, a correction data larger than 1.000 is outputted, so that it is multiplied by amplitude correction data S₄. Consequently, at a time of the input to the power amplifying circuit 12, the rate of predistortion is increased. If this adaptive correction is insufficient, the differential signal S₁₅ from the subtracting circuit 14 is increased, so that S₄ is multiplied by the more large correction S₄. As a result, the difference between the envelopes of the input and output of the power amplifying circuit 12 is minimized.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing further other embodiment of the present invention, and the constitution of FIG. 3 is the same as that of FIG. 1 other than the fact that the phase-shifting circuit 11 connected to the prestage of the power amplifying circuit 12 located in the main path is connected with the poststage of the power amplifying circuit 12 to the embodiment of FIG. 1, therefore the same reference letters is added to a corresponding part with FIG. 1 to omit overlapping description and describe only different constitution.

In FIG. 3, an output signal S₁₁ of the gain variable circuit 10 in the main path is supplied the input side of the power amplifying circuit 12 whose distortion should be compensated and then an output signal S₁₃ of the power amplifying circuit 12 is supplied the input side of the phase-shifting circuit 11, control signals from the first LPF₁·5 and the second LPF₂·8 are supplied to control terminals T_(C2), T_(C3) of the gain variable circuit 10 and the phase-shifting circuit 11 respectively, and the high frequency signal S₁₂ to be supplied to the second envelope detecting circuit 13 in order to form feedback loop is outputted from the phase-shifting circuit 11 and also supplied to the output terminal T_(out).

There has been a problem that if the phase-shifting circuit 11 is provided at the prestage of the power amplifying circuit 12 as shown in FIG. 1, a little error in distortion compensation processing for the high frequency input signal S₁ greatly affects distortion compensation by amplification of the power amplifying circuit 12, thereby adjustment of the value of distortion compensation become difficult.

When the phase-shifting circuit 11 is moved to the poststage of the power amplifying circuit 12 as shown in FIG. 3, since distortion of phase of the signal envelope going in the main path is compensated by means of the control signal S₉ for phase predistortion at the last stage, distortion of phase due to passage through the power amplifying circuit 12 may be compensated exactly. As described below, the phase-shifting circuit 11 may be composed of a capacitor, a resistor and a coil, if a little insertion loss is generated, a system having excellent efficiency is obtained since there is no insertion loss in the circuit 11 requiring supply of power. Therefore, in accordance with constitution of FIG. 3, the distortion compensating device having excellent effect of phase compensation may be realized with the same power efficiency and stability of the circuit as the system in FIG. 1. In addition, since compensation of phase distortion may be adjusted finely at the last stage, realization of highly efficient compensation of phase distortion become possible.

Next, an example of the respective components for use in carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. In an embodiment of the circuit which can be used as the first envelope detecting circuit 1 and the second envelope detecting circuit 13 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the anode terminal of a diode CD₁ serves for input while the cathode terminal thereof serves for output, and a resistor R2 and a capacitor C₁ are connected in parallel between this cathode terminal and ground. When the high frequency signal S₁ or the signal S₁₃ from the power amplifying circuit 12 is inputted to the input terminal Tin or the second envelope detecting circuit 13, only the envelope appears across the capacitor C₁. To improve non-linearity of a small signal portion of the diode CD₁, bias voltage Vbias is applied through a bias resistor R₁. FIG. 7 shows a characteristic diagram of an output signal S₂ or S₁₄ of an output voltage for the input signal S₁ or S₁₈ of the envelope voltage obtained in the envelope detecting circuit 1, 13 in FIGS. 1 to 3.

One embodiment of the gain variable circuit 10 of FIGS. 1 to 3 is an example using double gate FET. The double gate FET₁ has a circuit whose source is grounded. An input matching circuit 10 a is connected to the first gate, so that the high-frequency signal S₁ as the delayed signal S₁₀ thorough the delay circuit 9 is inputted to the first gate of the double gate FET₁ through an input matching circuit 10 a. An output matching circuit 10 b is connected to the drain of the double gate FET₁ so that controlled high-frequency signal S₁₁ is outputted to the phase-shift circuit 11. A resistor R₃ and a capacitor C₂ are connected to the second gate of the double gate FET₁ and a control voltage Vc of an control signal S₈ is applied through the control terminal Tc₂. Consequently, its gain is controlled by using the fact that the mutual conductance of the double gate FET₁ depends on the control voltage Vc applied to the second gate.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment having another circuit structure applicable to the gain variable circuit 10 of FIGS. 1 to 3. In this circuit structure, three PIN diodes, PD₁, PD₂, PD₃ are used. The PIN diodes, PD₁, PD₂, PD₃ have π type attenuation circuit, in which at voltage is applied from the terminal Tvcc and biased through the resistors R₅, R₆. Further, the control voltage Vc supplied to the control terminal Tc₂ is applied through the resistor R₄. The high-frequency S₁ is inputted from one terminal of the capacitor C₃ through the delay circuit 9 as the signal S₁₀ and outputted through the capacitor C₄ as the output signal S₁₁. The attenuation degree of the π type attenuation circuit comprising the three PIN diodes, PD₁, PD₂, PD₃ is controlled by the control voltage Vc.

According to one embodiment of the phase shift circuit 11 of FIGS. 1 to 3, the output signal S₁₁ from the gain variable circuit 10 is inputted so that the output signal S₁₂ is outputted through the inductances L₁ and L₂ connected in series. A capacitor C₅ and a variable capacity device Vc₁ such as a varicap diode are connected to a junction point between the inductances L₁ and L₂ in series and grounded. A connection point between the capacitor (C₅ and the variable capacity device Vc₁ are connected to a control terminal Tc₃ through a resistor R₇. Because the phase of the high-frequency signal S₁ passing between the input and output terminals of the phase-shift circuit 11 is shifted by the voltage of the signal S₉ applied to the control terminal Tc₃ from the phase correction memory 6, the AM/PM characteristic 23 of FIG. 5 is linearized.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a characteristic diagram of the phase-shifting circuit 11. Examples of concrete constants of each device when this phase-shift characteristic is obtained. This constant differs depending on frequency, however, deviation is generated by 10° to 40° in the range of the control voltage of 0.5 V to 3.0 V from the characteristic curve 40 in which the voltage of the control signal S₉ to the terminal T_(C3) of the phase-shifting circuit 11 is 0.5 V to the characteristic curve 41 in which the voltage of the control signal S₉ to the terminal T_(C3) of the circuit 11 is 3 V.

According to an embodiment of the concrete circuit as the delay circuit 9 for use in FIGS. 1 to 3, the inductance L₃ composed of a coil is connected between the input and output terminals and by supplying the high-frequency signal S₁, a delay signal S₁₀ is outputted from the output terminal. A resistor R₉ and a variable capacity diode VD₁ such as a varactor diode are connected to the output terminal of the inductance L₃ in series and an end of the variable capacity diode VD₁ is grounded. An output control signal S₁₆ of the third LPF₃ is supplied to a connection point between the resistor R₉ and the variable capacity diode VD₁ from the control terminal Tc₁ through the resistor R₈.

In FIGS. 1 to 3, the subtracting circuit 14 is a well known subtractor using a differential amplifier OP₁. Assuming that the voltages of the signals S₂ and S₁₄ supplied to the two input terminals of OP₁ are Vi₁ and Vi₂, the output voltage V₀ of the output signal S₁₅ is as follows.

V0=R ₁₂ /R ₁₁ ·Vi ₂ −R ₁₃ /R ₁₀ ·Vi ₁

If V₁₀=V₁₁=V₁₂=V₁₃,

it comes that V₀=Vi₂·Vi₁

FIG. 10 shows the condition of distortion compensation effect of the distortion compensating device of the present invention. In FIG. 10, the kind of a signal indicated by a curve 27 is 1S-95 (CDMA-ONE) and code modulation is OQPSK. FIG. 9 shows the at condition of distortion generation when this signal is inputted to the power amplifying circuit 12 for compensating the distortion at 1.2288 Mcps. A curve 28 indicates that the embodiment of the present invention is applied to compensate the distortion under the same condition. The distortion is a spectrum near main lobe 42, which indicates improvement of about 50 dB and it is evident that in a frequency band near a side lobe 43, the distortion is almost completely compensated.

In addition, in each embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the example in which the gain variable circuit 10 and the phase-shifting circuit 11 are provided in the main path, and the corrective control signal route including the amplitude correction memory 3, the corrective control signal route including the phase correction memory 6 and the feedback signal system are provided in the control system is explained, however, it is apparent that circuit constitution (see claim 1) provided with the gain variable circuit 10 in the main path and the corrective control signal route including the amplitude correction memory 3 in the control system and in which the feedback signal system is provided or not provided, circuit constitution (see claim 2) provided with the phase-shifting circuit 11 in the main path and the corrective control signal route including the phase correction memory 6 in the corrective control signal route and in which the feedback signal system is provided or not provided, and circuit constitution in which the phase-shifting circuit 11 is located at the poststage of the power amplifying circuit 12 whose distortion is compensated in the invention of claim 2 may be also preferable.

Since the distortion compensating device of the present invention is characterized in that part of an input of the power amplifying circuit whose distortion is intended to be compensated is picked up and its envelope component is detected and digitalized to apply predistortion to the high frequency signal, distortion compensation is carried out completely. Further, a means to be added to the base band portion is not required unlike the a conventional predistortion. Therefore, even if any filter is installed in a path from the base band to the power amplifying circuit, the effect of the distortion compensation is never affected. In addition, the device in which the phase-shifting circuit is located at the poststage of the power amplifying circuit, since phase distortion of signal envelope traveling in the main path is compensated at the last stage by the control signal S₉ in which phase predistortion is conducted, phase distortion due to passage through the power amplifying circuit may be compensated accurately. The phase-shifting circuit can be composed of the capacitor, the resistor and the coil, and a little insertion loss is generated, however, since it is not the control section requiring power supply, the system having excellent power efficiency is obtained, and the distortion compensating circuit holding the effect of phase distortion compensation is obtained. Further, because the compensation data stored in the memory depends on only AM/AM, AM/PM characteristics of the power amplifying circuit whose distortion is intended to be compensated, it is possible to obtain a route using the power amplifying circuit, which does not depend on, for example, PDC (Personal Digital Cellular), PHS (Personal Handy Phone Route), CDMA and the like.

That is, the distortion compensating device of the present invention has an extremely large advantageous effect that it carries out digital predistortion without connection of any signal with other than the peripheral of the power amplifying circuit and it does not depend on the mobile phone route.

Description of Reference Numerals

1 . . . ENVELOPE DETECTING CIRCUIT (DETECTING MEANS FOR ENVELOPE)

2, 16 . . . ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC₁, ADC₂)

3 . . . AMPLITUDE CORRECTION MEMORY (AMPLITUDE CORRECTION MEMORY MEANS)

4, 7 . . . DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER (DAC₁, DAC₂)

5, 8, 15 . . . LOW PASS FILTER (LPF₁,LPF₂,LPF₃)

6 . . . PHASE CORRECTION MEMORY (PHASE CORRECTION MEMORY MEANS)

9 . . . DELAY CIRCUIT (DELAY MEANS)

10 . . . GAIN VARIABLE CIRCUIT (GAIN VARIABLE MEANS)

10A, 10B . . . MATCHING CIRCUIT

11 . . . PHASE-SHIFTING CIRCUIT (PHASE-SHIFTING MEANS)

12 . . . POWER AMPLIFYING CIRCUIT (POWER AMPLIFYING MEANS)

14 . . . SUBTRACTING CIRCUIT

17 . . . THIRD MEMORY (RAM)

18 . . . MULTIPLYING CIRCUIT

20 . . . ADDED CIRCUIT

21 . . . AMPLITUDE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

22 . . . IDEALIZED AMPLITUDE-CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

23 . . . AM/PM CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

24 . . . PHASE DEVIATION CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

25 . . . COMPENSATION DATA CHARACTERISTIC CURVE

26 . . . DISTORTION CHARACTERISTIC CURVE IN THE MAIN LOBE AND THE SIDE LOBE

27 . . . DISTORTION CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION IN THE MAIN LOBE AND THE SIDE LOBE

30 . . . SIGNAL PROCESSING PORTION

31 . . . I-SIGNAL ADC

32 . . . Q-SIGNAL ADC

33 . . . I-SIGNAL PREDISTORTER

34 . . . Q-SIGNAL PREDISTORTER

35 . . . I-SIGNAL DAC

36 . . . Q-SIGNAL DAC

37 . . . ORTHOGONAL MODULATOR

38 . . . UP-CONVERTER

39 . . . BASE BAND PORTION

40 . . . VOLTAGE OF THE CONTROL SIGNAL S₉ TO THE TERMINAL T_(C3) OF THE PHASE-SHIFTING CIRCUIT 11=0.5 V

41 . . . VOLTAGE OF THE CONTROL SIGNAL S₉ TO THE TERMINAL T_(C3) OF THE PHASE-SHIFTING CIRCUIT 11=3 V

42 . . . MAIN LOBE BAND

43 . . . SIDE LOBE BAND 

What is claimed is:
 1. A distortion compensating device for performing predistortion on power amplifying means whose distortion is to be compensated, comprising: envelope detecting means to which a high-frequency signal generating an envelope change is supplied for detecting an envelope of said high-frequency signal and producing an envelope signal; amplitude correction memory means for storing an inverted distortion amplitude value of a distortion generated in said power amplifying means with digital data obtained by digitalizing said envelope signal from said envelope detecting means as an address; gain variable means disposed in a prestage of said power amplifying means to which said high-frequency signal generating said envelope change is supplied for controlling a passage gain of said high-frequency signal passed therethrough, wherein said inverted distortion data of said amplitude correction memory means are converted to analog data and supplied to said gain variable means so as to compensate for amplitude distortion of said power amplifying means; phase correction memory means located in parallel with said amplitude correction memory means and that stores an inverted distortion phase value of distortion to be generated in said power amplifying means, with digital data obtained by digitalizing said envelope signal from said envelope detecting means as an address; and phase-shifting means that controls a passage phase of said high frequency signal by supplying analog data that said inverted distortion data of said phase correction memory means are converted into analog data, wherein said phase-shifting means is connected with said gain variable means in series at said prestage of said power amplifying means, wherein delay means for adjusting a difference of delay time between a main path having said power amplifying means and said gain variable means and a corrective control signal route having said envelope detecting means for supplying a control signal to said gain variable means and said amplitude correction memory means is provided in said main path, and wherein by detecting an envelope signal from an output stage of said power amplifying means and feeding back a differential signal obtained by comparing said detected signal with an envelope signal output from said envelope detecting means to said delay means said delay time is controlled.
 2. A distortion compensating device for performing predistortion on power amplifying means whose distortion is to be compensated, comprising: envelope detecting means to which a high-frequency signal generating an envelope change is supplied for detecting an envelope of said high-frequency signal and producing an envelope signal; amplitude correction memory means for storing an inverted distortion amplitude value of a distortion generated in said power amplifying means with digital data obtained by digitalizing said envelope signal from said envelope detecting means as an address; gain variable means disposed in a prestage of said power amplifying means to which said high-frequency signal generating said envelope change is supplied for controlling a passage gain of said high-frequency signal passed therethrough, wherein said inverted distortion data of said amplitude correction memory means are converted to analog data and supplied to said gain variable means so as to compensate for amplitude distortion of said power amplifying means; phase correction memory means located in parallel with said amplitude correction memory means and that stores an inverted distortion phase value of distortion to be generated in said power amplifying means, with digital data obtained by digitalizing said envelope signal from said envelope detecting means as an address; and phase-shifting means that controls a passage phase of said high frequency signal by supplying analog data that said inverted distortion data of said phase correction memory means are converted into analog data, wherein said phase-shifting means is connected with said gain variable means in series at said prestage of said power amplifying means, and wherein an output obtained by comparing an envelope-detected output of said power amplifying means with the envelope signal of said envelope detecting means is digitalized and correction data memory means for storing correction data for correcting a characteristic change by temperature with said digital data as an address is driven to multiply an output of said correction data memory means by said output of said amplitude correction memory means thereby compensating a change of a temperature characteristic of said power amplifying means.
 3. A distortion compensating device, comprising: first envelope detecting means for detecting an envelope with a part of a high frequency signal having fluctuation of envelope as an input and producing an envelope signal; digital-to-analog converting means for converting said envelope signal of said first envelope detecting means into digital data; amplitude correction memory means in which the digital data are inputted as an address and that outputs amplitude correction data corresponding to said address by means of data stored for amplitude correction in advance; multiplying means in which digital multiplier is a product with a digital output of said amplitude correction memory means as multiplicand; first low pass filtering means for converting digital data from said multiplying means to an analog signal to eliminate digital noise of said analog signal; phase correction memory means in which said digital data are inputted as an address and that outputs phase correction data corresponding to said address by means of data stored for phase correction in advance; second low pass filtering means for converting said phase correction data into a second analog signal to eliminate digital noise of said analog signal; delay means that adjust a volume of delay of passing time by means of a control signal to be added into a control terminal with said high frequency signal as an input; gain variable means for varying a passage gain depending on a voltage of said signal from said first low pass filtering means to be added into a control terminal with a delay signal of said delay means as an input; phase-shifting means for varying a passage phase by an output signal from said second low pass filtering means with an output of said gain variable means as an input to input a variable output signal into a power amplifying means whose distortion is to be corrected; second envelope detecting means for detecting an envelope of an output of said power amplifying means whose distortion is to be corrected and for producing a second envelope signal; subtracting means for detecting a difference between envelope signals with envelope signals of said first and second envelope detecting means as inputs; third low pass filtering means for detecting only a DC signal of said subtracting means to feed said DC signal back to said control terminal of said delay means; and correction data memory means for outputting data corresponded to said address that corrects a change of characteristic due to temperature with output of digital data in which an output difference signal of said subtracting means is digitalized as an address, wherein data corresponding to said address from said correction data memory means are supplied as a multiplier of said multiplying means.
 4. A distortion compensating device for performing predistortion on power amplifying means whose distortion is to be compensated, comprising: envelope detecting means to which a high-frequency signal generating an envelope change is supplied for detecting an envelope of the high-frequency signal and producing an envelope signal; phase correction memory means for storing an inverted distortion phase value of a distortion generated in said power amplifying means with digital data obtained by digitalizing said envelope signal from said envelope detecting means as an address; and phase-shifting means disposed in a prestage of said power amplifying means to which said high-frequency signal generating said envelope change is supplied for controlling a passage phase of said high-frequency signal passed therethrough, wherein said inverted distortion data of said phase correction memory means are converted to analog data and supplied to said phase-shifting means so as to compensate for phase distortion of said power amplifying means, wherein delay means for adjusting a difference of delay time between a main path having said power amplifying means and said phase-shifting means and a corrective control signal route having said envelope detecting means for supplying a control signal to said phase-shifting means and said phase correction memory means is provided in said main path, and wherein delay means for adjusting a difference of delay time between a main path having said power amplifying means and said phase-shifting means and a corrective control signal route having said envelope detecting means for supplying a control signal to said phase-shifting means and said phase correction memory means is provided in said main path. 